1/4/2024 0 Comments Point impulsive force![]() ![]() ![]() The impulse load resulting from jet impingement is localised to the affected area. The ruptured pipe may contain steam–water mixture, steam or sub-cooled water. Jets resulting from a postulated rupture of high-pressure piping exert an impulsive load on the affected area. The present paper describes results that relate to intentional explosions. Also a pressure wave in the form of blast loading is applied to simulate the detonation of explosives close to a nuclear power plant structure. Studies have been performed for the event when a penetrating warhead is detonated inside containment. Examples of explosive gases include the hydrocarbon gases such as ethylene, ethylene oxide, methane, butane, ethane, propane and propylene. The released gas when combined with air forms a vapour cloud that can be ignited, resulting in a deflagration or an explosion. A possible source of an accidental explosion is the release of explosive liquefied gas from off-site storage tanks during transport or land storage. The types of impulsive loads in the design of safety-related structures are outlined below.Īccidental explosions. Scope of impulse loads in ACI standard 359 8ĪCI standard 359 8 ‘Code for concrete reactor vessels and containments’ deals with the impulse loads as time-dependent loads, for example the dynamic effects of accidental pressure P a, the effects of pipe rupture reactions R rr and jet impingement loading R rj and so on. Unlike an air burst, the reflected wave merges with the incident wave at the point of detonation to form a single wave, similar in nature to the mach wave of the air burst but essentially hemispherical in shape ( Fig. The initial wave of the explosion is reflected and reinforced by the ground surface to produce a reflected wave. The structure orientation with respect to the explosion and the ground surface.Ī charge located on or very near the ground surface is considered to be a surface burst. The geometrical configuration of the structure The location of the explosion relative to the structure in question, that is, unconfined or confined explosions: unconfined explosions include free air burst explosion and surface burst explosion confined explosions include fully vented explosions, partially confined explosions and fully confined explosions The blast loading on a structure caused by a high-explosive detonation is dependent upon several factors A surface explosion generates both ground shock and airblast pressure on nearby structures. The current paper deals with the scenario of surface explosions at various distances against a structure. The importance of the design of critical structures against terrorist or military attack has been considered since the second world war. The developed methodology of analysis may be adopted in order to evaluate the effect of an external explosion on the reinforced concrete containments of other reactors. Critical distances have been determined for different amounts of blast charges for a typical shell structure. The generation and the effects of blast wave on the shell structure in the plastic range are discussed. Equations have been developed and utilised in software for a structural response analysis of a reactor containment subjected to surface explosions. The empirical relationships of peak air pressure, peak reflected airblast pressure along the height of the structure, peak ground acceleration, arriving shock of ground shock, duration of ground shock and the time lag between ground shock and airblast pressure reaching the concrete structure and so forth on a reinforced cement concrete containment scaled model owing to a surface explosion at a certain distance have been established. The current paper deals with the experimental determination of relationships of simultaneous ground shock and airblast parameters against impulsive loading.
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